本地英文版地址: ../en/search-as-you-type.html
search_as_you_type
字段类型是一种类似文本的字段,它经过优化,为服务于随输入补全用例的查询提供开箱即用的支持。
它创建了一系列子字段,对这些子字段进行分析,以索引能够被部分匹配整个索引文本值的查询有效匹配的词项。
前缀补全(即匹配输入开头的词项)和中缀补全(即匹配输入中任何位置的词项)都受支持。
当将这种类型的字段添加到映射时
PUT my_index { "mappings": { "properties": { "my_field": { "type": "search_as_you_type" } } } }
这将创建以下字段:
|
这个字段会按照映射中的配置进行分析。如果没有配置分析器,则使用索引的默认分析器 |
|
用瓦片(shingle)大小为 2 的瓦片词元过滤器包装 |
|
用分块(shingle)大小为 3 的分块词元过滤器包装 |
|
使用一个 edge ngram 词元过滤器包装 |
子字段中分块的大小可以通过映射参数max_shingle_size
来配置。
默认值为 3,该参数的有效值为 2 - 4 之间的整数值。
将为从 2 到 max_shingle_size
(包括最大值)的每个分块大小创建分块子字段。
my_field._index_prefix
子字段在构建自己的分析器时,将始终使用具有max_shingle_size
的分块子字段中的分析器。
增加max_shingle_size
的值,将提高具有更多连续词项的查询的匹配度,但代价是索引更大。
默认的max_shingle_size
通常就足够了。
当被索引的文档具有根字段my_field
的值时,相同的输入文本被自动索引到这些字段中的每一个中,具有各自不同的分析链。
PUT my_index/_doc/1?refresh { "my_field": "quick brown fox jump lazy dog" }
最有效的查询方式通常是bool_prefix
类型的multi_match
查询,其目标是根search_as_you_type
字段及其分块子字段。
这可以以任何顺序匹配查询词项,但是如果文档在一个分块子字段中按顺序包含这些词项,那么文档的得分会更高。
GET my_index/_search { "query": { "multi_match": { "query": "brown f", "type": "bool_prefix", "fields": [ "my_field", "my_field._2gram", "my_field._3gram" ] } } }
{ "took" : 44, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 1, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 0.8630463, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "my_index", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 0.8630463, "_source" : { "my_field" : "quick brown fox jump lazy dog" } } ] } }
要按顺序搜索与查询词项严格匹配的文档,或使用短语查询的其他属性进行搜索,请在根字段上使用match_phrase_prefix
查询。
如果最后一个词项应该完全匹配,而不是作为前缀,也可以使用match_phrase
查询。
使用短语查询的效率可能不如使用match_bool_prefix
查询。
GET my_index/_search { "query": { "match_phrase_prefix": { "my_field": "brown f" } } }
search_as_you_type
字段的映射中接受以下参数,且这些参数是特定于该字段类型的
-
max_shingle_size
-
(可选, 整型) 要创建的最大分块尺寸。 有效值是
2
(含) 到4
(含)。默认值为3
。为
2
和该值之间的每个整数创建一个子字段。 例如,值3
创建两个子字段:my_field._2gram
和my_field._3gram
更多的子字段支持更具体的查询,但会增加索引大小。
由于search_as_you_type
字段本质上是一个类似文本的字段,因此在该字段的映射中接受以下参数,这些参数的行为与配置text
数据类型的字段时的行为类似。
除非另有说明,否则这些选项以相同的方式配置根字段子字段。
-
analyzer
-
应该在索引时和搜索时用于文本字段的analyzer(分析器)分析器(除非被
search_analyzer
覆盖)。 默认值为默认的索引分析器,或者standard
分析器。 -
index
-
字段应该是可搜索的吗?接受
true
(默认) 或false
。 -
index_options
-
为了搜索和高亮显示,应该在索引中存储什么信息。默认为
positions
。 -
norms
-
查询评分时是否应考虑字段长度。
接受
true
或false
。 该选项配置根字段和分块子字段,其默认值为true
。 当它为false
时,不配置前缀子字段。 -
store
-
字段值是否应该与
_source
字段分开存储和检索。 接受true
或false
(默认)。 此选项仅配置根字段,不配置任何子字段。 -
search_analyzer
-
应该在搜索
text
字段时使用的analyzer(分析器)
。 默认为analyzer
设置。 -
search_quote_analyzer
-
当遇到短语时,在搜索时应该使用的
analyzer(分析器)
。 默认为search_analyzer
设置。 -
similarity
-
应该使用哪种评分或相似度算法。默认为
BM25
。 -
term_vector
-
是否应为字段存储词项向量。
默认为
no
。 此选项配置根字段和分块子字段,但不配置前缀子字段。
当对根字段或它的任何子字段进行prefix(前缀)
查询时,查询将被重写为对._index_prefix
子字段的term
查询。
这比典型的对文本字段的prefix
查询更有效,因为每个分块的特定长度的前缀被直接索引为._index_prefix
子字段。
._index_prefix
子字段的分析器稍微修改了分块构建的行为,以便在字段值的末尾也索引通常不会作为分块产生的词项的前缀。
例如,如果值quick brown fox
被索引到max_shingle_size
为3的search_as_you_type
字段中,则brown fox
和fox
的前缀也被索引到._index_prefix
子字段,即使它们不会以词项的形式出现在._3gram
子字段中。
这允许字段输入中的所有词项的自动完成。
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