本地英文版地址: ../en/query-dsl-simple-query-string-query.html
使用一个语法有限但可以容错的解析器,根据提供的查询字符串返回文档。
这个查询使用一个简单的语法来解析给定的查询字符串,并根据特殊的操作符将其拆分成多个词项。 然后,在返回匹配的文档之前,查询会单独分析每个词项。
虽然它的语法比query_string
查询更有限,但simple_query_string
查询不会因为无效语法而返回错误。
相反,它会忽略查询字符串的任何无效部分。
GET /_search { "query": { "simple_query_string" : { "query": "\"fried eggs\" +(eggplant | potato) -frittata", "fields": ["title^5", "body"], "default_operator": "and" } } }
-
query
- (必需的, string) search. 要解析并用于搜索的查询字符串。参考 简单查询字符串语法.
-
fields
-
(可选, array of strings) 要搜索的字段的数组。
该字段接受通配符表达式。还可以使用脱字符号(
^
)来提高匹配时的特定字段的相关性分数。 有关示例请参考fields
参数中的通配符和按字段增强。默认为
index.query.default_field
索引设置,其默认值为*
。*
值提取符合条件查询的所有字段,并过滤元数据字段。 如果没有指定prefix
,那么将所有提取的字段组合起来构建一个查询。一次可以查询的字段数量是有限制的。 它由
indices.query.bool.max_clause_count
搜索设置定义,默认为1024
。 -
default_operator
-
(可选, string) 未指定运算符时,用于解释查询字符串中的文本的默认的布尔逻辑。有效值有:
-
OR
(默认) -
比如,查询字符串
capital of Hungary
被解释为capital OR of OR Hungary
。 -
AND
-
比如,查询字符串
capital of Hungary
被解释为capital AND of AND Hungary
。
-
-
all_fields
-
[6.0.0]
在6.0.0中废弃。使用设置
fields
为*
来代替 (可选, boolean) 如果为true
,则搜索索引字段映射中的所有可搜索字段。 -
analyze_wildcard
-
(可选, boolean) 如果为
true
,查询将尝试分析查询字符串中的通配符。默认为false
。 -
analyzer
-
(可选, string) 用于将查询字符串中的文本转换为词元(token)的分析器 。
默认为字段
default_field
所映射的 索引时使用的分析器。 如果没有映射分析器,则使用索引的默认分析器。 -
auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query
-
(可选, boolean) 如果为
true
,将自动为多词项同义词创建 匹配短语(match phrase) 查询。 默认为true
。 有关示例请参考 同义词。 -
flags
-
(可选, string) 简单查询字符串语法启用的运算符的列表。
默认为
ALL
(所有运算符)。 有效值请参考 有限运算符。 -
fuzzy_max_expansions
-
(可选, integer) 模糊匹配查询能扩展到的最大词项数。默认为
50
。 -
fuzzy_prefix_length
-
(可选, integer) 模糊匹配的起始字符保持不变的字符数量。默认为
0
。 -
fuzzy_transpositions
-
(可选, boolean) 如果为
true
,模糊匹配的编辑可以包含两个相邻字符的交换(ab → ba)。默认为true
。 -
lenient
-
(可选, boolean) 如果为
true
,则忽略基于格式的错误,例如为 numeric 字段提供 text 值。 默认为false
。 -
minimum_should_match
-
(可选, string) 要返回的文档必须匹配的最小子句数。
有效值及更多信息请参考
minimum_should_match
参数。 -
quote_field_suffix
-
(可选, string) 查询字符串中附加到引用文本的后缀。
可以使用此后缀来使用不同的分析方法进行精确匹配。参考 将精确搜索与词干混合。
simple_query_string
查询支持以下几个运算符:
-
+
表示 AND 操作 -
|
表示 OR 操作 -
-
取消单个词元 -
"
包裹一些词元以表示一个要搜索的短语 -
*
在词项的末尾表示前缀查询 -
(
和)
表示优先 -
~N
在一个词的后面时表示编辑距离(模糊性) -
~N
在一个短语后时表示溢出(slop)量
要按字面意思使用其中一个字符,请在前面加一个反斜杠(\
)进行转义。
根据default_operator
值的不同,这些运算符的行为可能会有所不同。例如:
GET /_search { "query": { "simple_query_string" : { "fields" : ["content"], "query" : "foo bar -baz" } } }
该搜索请求旨在仅返回包含foo
或bar
但不包含baz
的文档。
然而,由于default_operator
的值为OR
,该搜索实际上返回包含foo
或bar
的文档以及不包含baz
的任何文档。
要按预期返回文档,请将查询字符串改为 foo bar +-baz
。
可以使用flags
参数来限制简单查询字符串语法支持的运算符。
若要显式地仅启用特定的操作符,请使用|
分隔符。
例如,flags
值为OR|AND|PREFIX
时会禁用除OR
、AND
和 PREFIX
之外的所有运算符。
GET /_search { "query": { "simple_query_string" : { "query" : "foo | bar + baz*", "flags" : "OR|AND|PREFIX" } } }
flags 的有效值有:
-
ALL
(默认) - 启用所有可选的运算符。
-
AND
-
启用
+
(AND,和/与) 运算符。 -
ESCAPE
-
启用
\
作为转义字符。 -
FUZZY
-
启用单词后的
~N
运算符,其中N
是表示匹配时允许的编辑距离的整数。参考模糊性。 -
NEAR
-
启用短语后的
~N
运算符,其中N
是匹配词元之间允许的最大位置数。与SLOP
同义。 -
NONE
- 禁用所有运算符。
-
NOT
-
启用
-
(NOT,非) 运算符。 -
OR
-
启用
\|
(OR,或)运算符。 -
PHRASE
-
启用用于搜索短语的
"
引号运算符。 -
PRECEDENCE
-
允许
(
和)
运算符控制运算符优先级。 -
PREFIX
-
启用
*
前缀运算符。 -
SLOP
-
启用短语后的
~N
运算符,其中N
是匹配词元之间允许的最大位置数。与NEAR
同义。 -
WHITESPACE
- 启用空格作为分割字符。
可以用通配符指定字段,例如:
GET /_search { "query": { "simple_query_string" : { "query": "Will Smith", "fields": [ "title", "*_name" ] } } }
单个字段可以用脱字符号(^
)来增强:
simple_query_string
查询通过synonym_graph词元过滤器(token filter)支持多词项同义词扩展。
使用这个过滤器时,解析器为每个多词项同义词创建一个短语查询。
例如,下面的同义词 "ny, new york"
将产生产生:
(ny OR ("new york"))
也可以用逻辑与来匹配多词项同义词:
GET /_search { "query": { "simple_query_string" : { "query" : "ny city", "auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query" : false } } }
上面的例子创建了一个 bool 查询:
(ny OR (new AND york)) city)
它匹配带有词项 ny
或 逻辑与 new AND york
的文档。
默认情况下,参数 auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query
设置为 true
。
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