本地英文版地址: ../en/query-dsl-common-terms-query.html
在7.3.0中废弃。
请改用match查询,它可以有效地跳过文档块,而无需任何配置,前提是不跟踪命中的总数。
common
词项查询是停止词的现代替代方法,它提高了搜索结果的精确度和召回率(通过将停止词考虑在内),而不牺牲性能。
问题
查询中的每一个词项都有成本。
搜索 "The brown fox"
需要三个词项查询,分别针对"the"
、"brown"
和 "fox"
,所有这些词项都要对索引中的所有文档执行匹配。
对 "the"
的查询可能匹配许多文档,因此对相关性的影响比其他两个词项小得多。
以前解决这个问题的方法是忽略高频词。
通过将"the"
视为stopword(停止词),减小了索引的大小,并减少了需要执行的词项查询的数量。
这种方法的问题是,虽然停止词对相关性的影响很小,但它们仍然很重要。
如果我们删除了停止词,我们就失去了精确性(例如,我们无法区分"happy"
与 "not happy"
),我们也失去了回调(例如,像 "The The"
或 "To be or not to be"
这样的文本根本不会存在于索引中)。
解决方案
common
词项查询将要查询的词项分为两组:更重要的(即低频词项)和不太重要的(即以前是停止词的高频词项)。
首先,它搜索与更重要的词项匹配的文档(第一次查询)。 这些词项出现在更少的文档中,而对相关性有更大的影响。
然后,对不太重要的词项执行第二次查询,这些词项经常出现,对相关性的影响很小。
但是,它不会计算所有匹配的文档的相关性评分,而是只计算第一个查询中已经匹配的文档的 _score
。
通过这种方式,高频词项可以在不付出性能低下的代价的情况下改进相关性计算。
如果一个查询只包含高频词,那么单个查询将作为 AND
(与)查询执行,换句话说,所有词项都是必需的。
尽管每个单独的词项会匹配许多文档,但是词项的组合将结果集缩小到仅最相关的文档。
单个查询也可以通过指定参数 minimum_should_match
作为 OR
来执行,在这种情况下,应该(给该参数)使用足够高的值。
根据 cutoff_frequency
将词项分配给高频组或低频组,可将其指定为绝对频率(>=1
)或相对频率(0.0 ~ 1.0
)。
(请记住,文档频率是在每个分片级别上计算的,正如在博客 相关性被打破了 中所解释的那样。)
也许这个查询最有趣的特性是它能自动适应特定领域的停止词。
例如,在一个视频托管网站上,像 "clip"
或 "video"
这样的常用词项会自动作为停止词,而不需要手动维护一个列表。
示例
在本例中,文档频率大于0.1%的单词(例如"this"
和 "is"
)将被视为常用词。
GET /_search { "query": { "common": { "body": { "query": "this is bonsai cool", "cutoff_frequency": 0.001 } } } }
应该匹配的词项的数量可以用参数 minimum_should_match
(high_freq
, low_freq
),low_freq_operator
(默认为 "or"
) 和 high_freq_operator
(默认为 "or"
) 来控制。
对于低频词项,将 low_freq_operator
设置为"and"
,以使所有术语都是必需的:
GET /_search { "query": { "common": { "body": { "query": "nelly the elephant as a cartoon", "cutoff_frequency": 0.001, "low_freq_operator": "and" } } } }
这大致相当于:
GET /_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "term": { "body": "nelly"}}, { "term": { "body": "elephant"}}, { "term": { "body": "cartoon"}} ], "should": [ { "term": { "body": "the"}}, { "term": { "body": "as"}}, { "term": { "body": "a"}} ] } } }
或者,使用 minimum_should_match
指定必须出现的低频词项的最小数量或百分比,例如:
GET /_search { "query": { "common": { "body": { "query": "nelly the elephant as a cartoon", "cutoff_frequency": 0.001, "minimum_should_match": 2 } } } }
这大致相当于:
GET /_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": { "bool": { "should": [ { "term": { "body": "nelly"}}, { "term": { "body": "elephant"}}, { "term": { "body": "cartoon"}} ], "minimum_should_match": 2 } }, "should": [ { "term": { "body": "the"}}, { "term": { "body": "as"}}, { "term": { "body": "a"}} ] } } }
不同的 minimum_should_match
参数值 可通过额外的 low_freq
和 high_freq
参数应用于低频和高频项。
以下是提供额外参数时的一个示例(注意结构上的变化):
GET /_search { "query": { "common": { "body": { "query": "nelly the elephant not as a cartoon", "cutoff_frequency": 0.001, "minimum_should_match": { "low_freq" : 2, "high_freq" : 3 } } } } }
这大致相当于:
GET /_search { "query": { "bool": { "must": { "bool": { "should": [ { "term": { "body": "nelly"}}, { "term": { "body": "elephant"}}, { "term": { "body": "cartoon"}} ], "minimum_should_match": 2 } }, "should": { "bool": { "should": [ { "term": { "body": "the"}}, { "term": { "body": "not"}}, { "term": { "body": "as"}}, { "term": { "body": "a"}} ], "minimum_should_match": 3 } } } } }
在本例中,这意味着高频词项只有在至少有三个词项时才会对相关性产生影响。
但是,对于高频词项,minimum_should_match
最有趣的用途是在只有高频词项的情况下:
GET /_search { "query": { "common": { "body": { "query": "how not to be", "cutoff_frequency": 0.001, "minimum_should_match": { "low_freq" : 2, "high_freq" : 3 } } } } }
这大致相当于:
GET /_search { "query": { "bool": { "should": [ { "term": { "body": "how"}}, { "term": { "body": "not"}}, { "term": { "body": "to"}}, { "term": { "body": "be"}} ], "minimum_should_match": "3<50%" } } }
因此,与使用 AND
相比,高频(词项)生成的查询限制略少。
common
词项查询还支持 boost
和 analyzer
作为参数。
- Elasticsearch权威指南: 其他版本:
- Elasticsearch是什么?
- 7.7版本的新特性
- 开始使用Elasticsearch
- 安装和设置
- 升级Elasticsearch
- 搜索你的数据
- 查询领域特定语言(Query DSL)
- SQL access(暂时不翻译)
- Overview
- Getting Started with SQL
- Conventions and Terminology
- Security
- SQL REST API
- SQL Translate API
- SQL CLI
- SQL JDBC
- SQL ODBC
- SQL Client Applications
- SQL Language
- Functions and Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Math Operators
- Cast Operators
- LIKE and RLIKE Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Grouping Functions
- Date/Time and Interval Functions and Operators
- Full-Text Search Functions
- Mathematical Functions
- String Functions
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geo Functions
- Conditional Functions And Expressions
- System Functions
- Reserved keywords
- SQL Limitations
- 聚合
- 度量(metric)聚合
- 桶(bucket)聚合
- adjacency_matrix 聚合
- auto_date_histogram 聚合
- children 聚合
- composite 聚合
- date_histogram 聚合
- date_range 聚合
- diversified_sampler 聚合
- filter 聚合
- filters 聚合
- geo_distance 聚合
- geohash_grid 聚合
- geotile_grid 聚合
- global 聚合
- histogram 聚合
- ip_range 聚合
- missing 聚合
- nested 聚合
- parent 聚合
- range 聚合
- rare_terms 聚合
- reverse_nested 聚合
- sampler 聚合
- significant_terms 聚合
- significant_text 聚合
- terms 聚合
- 给范围字段分桶的微妙之处
- 管道(pipeline)聚合
- 矩阵(matrix)聚合
- 重度缓存的聚合
- 只返回聚合的结果
- 聚合元数据
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- 使用转换对聚合结果进行索引
- 脚本
- 映射
- 删除的映射类型
- 字段数据类型
- alias(别名)
- array(数组)
- binary(二进制)
- boolean(布尔)
- date(日期)
- date_nanos(日期纳秒)
- dense_vector(密集矢量)
- histogram(直方图)
- flattened(扁平)
- geo_point(地理坐标点)
- geo_shape(地理形状)
- IP
- join(联结)
- keyword(关键词)
- nested(嵌套)
- numeric(数值)
- object(对象)
- percolator(渗透器)
- range(范围)
- rank_feature(特征排名)
- rank_features(特征排名)
- search_as_you_type(输入即搜索)
- Sparse vector
- Text
- Token count
- Shape
- Constant keyword
- Meta-Fields
- Mapping parameters
- Dynamic Mapping
- Text analysis
- Overview
- Concepts
- Configure text analysis
- Built-in analyzer reference
- Tokenizer reference
- Char Group Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Edge n-gram tokenizer
- Keyword Tokenizer
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer
- N-gram tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer Examples
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Standard Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Whitespace Tokenizer
- Token filter reference
- Apostrophe
- ASCII folding
- CJK bigram
- CJK width
- Classic
- Common grams
- Conditional
- Decimal digit
- Delimited payload
- Dictionary decompounder
- Edge n-gram
- Elision
- Fingerprint
- Flatten graph
- Hunspell
- Hyphenation decompounder
- Keep types
- Keep words
- Keyword marker
- Keyword repeat
- KStem
- Length
- Limit token count
- Lowercase
- MinHash
- Multiplexer
- N-gram
- Normalization
- Pattern capture
- Pattern replace
- Phonetic
- Porter stem
- Predicate script
- Remove duplicates
- Reverse
- Shingle
- Snowball
- Stemmer
- Stemmer override
- Stop
- Synonym
- Synonym graph
- Trim
- Truncate
- Unique
- Uppercase
- Word delimiter
- Word delimiter graph
- Character filters reference
- Normalizers
- Index modules
- Ingest node
- Pipeline Definition
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Conditional Execution in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Enrich your data
- Processors
- Append Processor
- Bytes Processor
- Circle Processor
- Convert Processor
- CSV Processor
- Date Processor
- Date Index Name Processor
- Dissect Processor
- Dot Expander Processor
- Drop Processor
- Enrich Processor
- Fail Processor
- Foreach Processor
- GeoIP Processor
- Grok Processor
- Gsub Processor
- HTML Strip Processor
- Inference Processor
- Join Processor
- JSON Processor
- KV Processor
- Lowercase Processor
- Pipeline Processor
- Remove Processor
- Rename Processor
- Script Processor
- Set Processor
- Set Security User Processor
- Split Processor
- Sort Processor
- Trim Processor
- Uppercase Processor
- URL Decode Processor
- User Agent processor
- ILM: Manage the index lifecycle
- Monitor a cluster
- Frozen indices
- Roll up or transform your data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Snapshot and restore
- Secure a cluster
- Overview
- Configuring security
- User authentication
- Built-in users
- Internal users
- Token-based authentication services
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Active Directory user authentication
- File-based user authentication
- LDAP user authentication
- Native user authentication
- OpenID Connect authentication
- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- Configuring single sign-on to the Elastic Stack using OpenID Connect
- User authorization
- Built-in roles
- Defining roles
- Security privileges
- Document level security
- Field level security
- Granting privileges for indices and aliases
- Mapping users and groups to roles
- Setting up field and document level security
- Submitting requests on behalf of other users
- Configuring authorization delegation
- Customizing roles and authorization
- Enabling audit logging
- Encrypting communications
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Cross cluster search, clients, and integrations
- Tutorial: Getting started with security
- Tutorial: Encrypting communications
- Troubleshooting
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Alerting on cluster and index events
- Command line tools
- How To
- Glossary of terms
- REST APIs
- API conventions
- cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat anomaly detectors
- cat count
- cat data frame analytics
- cat datafeeds
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat shards
- cat segments
- cat snapshots
- cat task management
- cat templates
- cat thread pool
- cat trained model
- cat transforms
- Cluster APIs
- Cluster allocation explain
- Cluster get settings
- Cluster health
- Cluster reroute
- Cluster state
- Cluster stats
- Cluster update settings
- Nodes feature usage
- Nodes hot threads
- Nodes info
- Nodes reload secure settings
- Nodes stats
- Pending cluster tasks
- Remote cluster info
- Task management
- Voting configuration exclusions
- Cross-cluster replication APIs
- Document APIs
- Enrich APIs
- Explore API
- Index APIs
- Add index alias
- Analyze
- Clear cache
- Clone index
- Close index
- Create index
- Delete index
- Delete index alias
- Delete index template
- Flush
- Force merge
- Freeze index
- Get field mapping
- Get index
- Get index alias
- Get index settings
- Get index template
- Get mapping
- Index alias exists
- Index exists
- Index recovery
- Index segments
- Index shard stores
- Index stats
- Index template exists
- Open index
- Put index template
- Put mapping
- Refresh
- Rollover index
- Shrink index
- Split index
- Synced flush
- Type exists
- Unfreeze index
- Update index alias
- Update index settings
- Index lifecycle management API
- Ingest APIs
- Info API
- Licensing APIs
- Machine learning anomaly detection APIs
- Add events to calendar
- Add jobs to calendar
- Close jobs
- Create jobs
- Create calendar
- Create datafeeds
- Create filter
- Delete calendar
- Delete datafeeds
- Delete events from calendar
- Delete filter
- Delete forecast
- Delete jobs
- Delete jobs from calendar
- Delete model snapshots
- Delete expired data
- Estimate model memory
- Find file structure
- Flush jobs
- Forecast jobs
- Get buckets
- Get calendars
- Get categories
- Get datafeeds
- Get datafeed statistics
- Get influencers
- Get jobs
- Get job statistics
- Get machine learning info
- Get model snapshots
- Get overall buckets
- Get scheduled events
- Get filters
- Get records
- Open jobs
- Post data to jobs
- Preview datafeeds
- Revert model snapshots
- Set upgrade mode
- Start datafeeds
- Stop datafeeds
- Update datafeeds
- Update filter
- Update jobs
- Update model snapshots
- Machine learning data frame analytics APIs
- Create data frame analytics jobs
- Create inference trained model
- Delete data frame analytics jobs
- Delete inference trained model
- Evaluate data frame analytics
- Explain data frame analytics API
- Get data frame analytics jobs
- Get data frame analytics jobs stats
- Get inference trained model
- Get inference trained model stats
- Start data frame analytics jobs
- Stop data frame analytics jobs
- Migration APIs
- Reload search analyzers
- Rollup APIs
- Search APIs
- Security APIs
- Authenticate
- Change passwords
- Clear cache
- Clear roles cache
- Create API keys
- Create or update application privileges
- Create or update role mappings
- Create or update roles
- Create or update users
- Delegate PKI authentication
- Delete application privileges
- Delete role mappings
- Delete roles
- Delete users
- Disable users
- Enable users
- Get API key information
- Get application privileges
- Get builtin privileges
- Get role mappings
- Get roles
- Get token
- Get users
- Has privileges
- Invalidate API key
- Invalidate token
- OpenID Connect Prepare Authentication API
- OpenID Connect authenticate API
- OpenID Connect logout API
- SAML prepare authentication API
- SAML authenticate API
- SAML logout API
- SAML invalidate API
- SSL certificate
- Snapshot and restore APIs
- Snapshot lifecycle management API
- Transform APIs
- Usage API
- Watcher APIs
- Definitions
- Breaking changes
- Release notes
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha1