本地英文版地址: ../en/flattened.html
默认情况下,对象中的每个子字段都被单独映射和索引。 如果事先不知道子字段的名称或类型,则它们会被动态映射。
flattened
类型提供了另一种方法,将整个对象映射为单个字段。
给定一个对象,flattened
映射将解析出它的叶子值(leave value),并将它们作为关键字索引到一个字段中。
然后,可以通过简单的查询和聚合来搜索对象的内容。
这种数据类型对于索引具有大量或未知数量的唯一键的对象非常有用。 对于整个JSON对象,只创建一个字段映射,这有助于防止映射爆炸,因为有太多不同的字段映射。
另一方面,扁平化的对象字段在搜索功能方面有所取舍。 只允许基本查询,不支持数值范围查询或高亮。 有关限制的更多信息,请参见支持的操作部分。
flattened
映射类型不应用于索引所有文档内容,因为它将所有值视为keyword类型,并且不提供全文搜索功能。
默认的方法是每个子字段在映射中都有自己的入口,这种方法在大多数情况下都能很好地工作。
可以按如下方式创建一个 flattened 对象字段:
PUT bug_reports { "mappings": { "properties": { "title": { "type": "text" }, "labels": { "type": "flattened" } } } } POST bug_reports/_doc/1 { "title": "Results are not sorted correctly.", "labels": { "priority": "urgent", "release": ["v1.2.5", "v1.3.0"], "timestamp": { "created": 1541458026, "closed": 1541457010 } } }
在编制索引的过程中,会为 JSON 对象中的每个叶子值创建 词元(token)。 这些值作为字符串值形式的 keyword 进行索引,不需要对数字或日期进行分析或特殊处理。
查询flattened
字段的顶级键,会搜索对象中的所有叶子值:
POST bug_reports/_search { "query": { "term": {"labels": "urgent"} } }
要查询flattened
对象中的特定键,可以使用对象点标记法:
POST bug_reports/_search { "query": { "term": {"labels.release": "v1.3.0"} } }
由于值的索引方式相似,flattened
字段与keyword
字段共享许多相同的映射和搜索功能。
目前,flattened 对象类型的字段可用于以下查询类型:
-
term
、terms
和terms_set
-
prefix
-
range
-
match
和multi_match
-
query_string
和simple_query_string
-
exists
查询时,不能使用通配符引用字段的键,如在 { "term": {"labels.time*": 1541457010}}
中。
请注意,包括range
在内的所有查询都将这些值视为字符串 keyword 类型。
flattened
字段不支持高亮。
可以对 flattened 对象字段进行排序,也可以执行简单的 keyword 式聚合,如terms
。
与查询一样,没有对数值的特殊支持 - JSON对象中的所有值都被视为 keyword 类型。
这意味着排序时会按字典顺序进行值的比较。
当前无法存储 flattened 对象字段。
不能在映射中指定参数store
。
支持以下几个映射参数:
映射字段级查询时的提升。接受浮点数,默认值为 |
|
|
就嵌套内部对象而言,flattened 对象字段的最大允许深度。
如果 flattened 对象字段超过此限制,则会抛出错误。
默认值为 |
该字段是否应该以列跨度(column-stride)的方式存储在磁盘上,以便以后用于排序、聚合或编写脚本?接受 |
|
是否应该在刷新时加载全局序号?
接受 |
|
超过此限制的叶子值将不会被索引。 默认情况下,没有限制,所有值都将被索引。 请注意,此限制适用于 flattened 对象字段内的叶子值,而不是整个字段的长度。 |
|
确定字段是否应可搜索。接受 |
|
出于评分目的,应该在索引中存储什么信息。
默认为 |
|
替换 flattened 对象字段中任何显式 |
|
应该使用哪种评分或相似度算法。默认为 |
|
|
为该字段构建查询时,全文查询是否应该使用"空白"拆分输入。
接受 |
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