本地英文版地址: ../en/deb.html
Elasticsearch 的 Debian 安装包可以 从我们的站点下载 或 APT 存储库。 它可以在任何基于Debian的系统上安装 Elasticsearch,比如 Debian 和 Ubuntu。
此软件包可在 Elastic 许可下免费使用。 它包含开放源码和免费的商业特性,并能访问付费商业特性。 开始为期30天的试用 尝试使用付费的商业特性。 有关 Elastic 许可等级的更多信息,请参考 订阅(Subscriptions) 页面。
Elasticsearch 最新的稳定版本可以在 下载 Elasticsearch 页面找到。 其他版本可以在 过去发布的版本(Past Releases) 页面上找到。
我们使用Elasticsearch 签名秘钥(PGP 秘钥 D88E42B4, 可以从 https://pgp.mit.edu 获得) 对所有的安装包都进行了签名,指纹是:
4609 5ACC 8548 582C 1A26 99A9 D27D 666C D88E 42B4
下载并安装签名用的公钥:
wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -
在继续之前,你可能需要在Debian上安装 apt-transport-https
包:
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
把存储库的定义保存到/etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list
:
echo "deb https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list
这些使用教程没有使用 add-apt-repository
,有以下几个原因:
-
add-apt-repository
向系统文件/etc/apt/sources.list
中添加记录,而不是向/etc/apt/sources.list.d
中为每个存储库添加一个干净的文件 -
add-apt-repository
不是许多发行版上默认安装的一部分,并且需要许多非默认的依赖项。 -
老版本的
add-apt-repository
总是会添加一个deb-src
记录,而这个文件会因为缺少源安装包而引起错误。 如果你已经添加了deb-src
记录,你会看到类似如下的错误直到你删除了deb-src
行:Unable to find expected entry 'main/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
你可以这样安装Elasticsearch的Debian包:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install elasticsearch
如果同一个Elasticsearch存储库有两笔记录,你会在 apt-get update
升级期间看到一个类似这样的错误:
Duplicate sources.list entry https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt/ ...`
检查 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elasticsearch-7.x.list
中的重复记录,或者在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
和 /etc/apt/sources.list
文件中找到重复记录。
在基于 systemd 的发行版上,安装脚本将尝试设置内核参数(例如,vm.max_map_count
);你可以通过屏蔽 systemd-sysctl.service 单元来跳过这一步。
还提供了一个替代包,其中仅包含在 Apache 2.0许可证下可用的功能。要安装它,请使用以下源列表:
echo "deb https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/oss-7.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list
Elasticsearch v7.7.1 的 Debian 安装包可以从这个网站下载并安装如下:
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.7.1-amd64.deb wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.7.1-amd64.deb.sha512 shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-7.7.1-amd64.deb.sha512 sudo dpkg -i elasticsearch-7.7.1-amd64.deb
或者,你也可以下载这个安装包,其中只包含Apache2.0许可代码:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss-7.7.1-amd64.deb
一些商业特性会自动在 Elasticearch 中创建索引。
默认情况下,Elasticsearch 被配置为允许自动创建索引,并且不需要其他步骤。
但是,如果在 Elasticsearch 中禁用了自动索引创建,则必须在 elasticsearch.yml
文件中配置 action.auto_create_index
,以允许商业特性创建以下索引:
action.auto_create_index: .monitoring*,.watches,.triggered_watches,.watcher-history*,.ml*
Elasticsearch安装后并不会自动启动。
如何启动和停止 Elasticsearch 依赖于 你的系统使用的 SysV 是 init
还是 systemd
(较新发布的系统中使用)
通过运行以下命令,就能知道你的系统使用的是哪个:
ps -p 1
使用 update-rc.d
命令配置 Elasticsearch,以便其可以在系统启动时自动启动。
sudo update-rc.d elasticsearch defaults 95 10
可以使用 service
命令来启动和停止 Elasticsearch :
sudo -i service elasticsearch start sudo -i service elasticsearch stop
如果 Elasticsearch 因为某些原因启动失败,会打印失败的原因到 标准输出(STDOUT)。日志记录文件在 /var/log/elasticsearch/
。
执行以下命令,配置 Elasticsearch 以便其可以在系统启动时自动启动:
sudo /bin/systemctl daemon-reload sudo /bin/systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
可以这样启动和停止 Elasticsearch:
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service sudo systemctl stop elasticsearch.service
这些命令不返回 Elasticsearch 启动状态,你无法判断它是否启动成功。相反,这些信息将被写入日志文件 /var/log/elasticsearch/
里去。
如果你有密码保护的 ElasticSearch 密钥存储库,则需要使用本地文件和系统环境变量向 systemd
提供存储库密码。
如果该本地文件存在则应该受到保护,一旦 Elasticsearch 启动并运行,就可以安全删除。
echo "keystore_password" > /path/to/my_pwd_file.tmp chmod 600 /path/to/my_pwd_file.tmp sudo systemctl set-environment ES_KEYSTORE_PASSPHRASE_FILE=/path/to/my_pwd_file.tmp sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
默认情况下,Elasticsearch 服务不记录 systemd
操作的日志。
要开启 journalctl
日志,必须从 elasticsearch.service
文件的命令行 ExecStart
中移除 --quiet
选项。
一旦启动 systemd
的日志功能,就可以使用 journalctl
命令获得日志记录信息。
要跟踪日志:
sudo journalctl -f
要列出 Elasticsearch 服务的日志记录,请执行以下操作:
sudo journalctl --unit elasticsearch
要列出从给定时间开始的 Elasticsearch 服务的日志记录,请执行以下操作:
sudo journalctl --unit elasticsearch --since "2016-10-30 18:17:16"
查看 man journalctl
提供的信息 或访问 https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journalctl.html 来获取更多的命令行选项。
你可以通过向 localhost
上的端口 9200
发送一个 HTTP 请求来测试 Elasticsearch 节点是否正在运行:
GET /
应该会给你一个类似下面这样的响应:
{ "name" : "Cp8oag6", "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch", "cluster_uuid" : "AT69_T_DTp-1qgIJlatQqA", "version" : { "number" : "7.7.1", "build_flavor" : "default", "build_type" : "tar", "build_hash" : "f27399d", "build_date" : "2016-03-30T09:51:41.449Z", "build_snapshot" : false, "lucene_version" : "8.5.1", "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3", "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3" }, "tagline" : "You Know, for Search" }
Elasticsearch 默认使用 /etc/elasticsearch
作为在运行时配置的工具。
该文件夹及其下所有文件的拥有者(owner)都在包安装时被设置为 root:elasticsearch
,该文件夹还有一个 setgid
标识以保证在 /etc/elasticsearch
下创建的文件及子目录都有相同的拥有者(比如,使用 秘钥库工具创建秘钥库)。
我们希望保持这个权限设置,以便 Elasticsearch 进程可以通过组权限读取这个目录下的文件。
Elasticsearch 默认从 /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
文件加载配置。
配置 Elasticsearch 中解释了此配置文件的格式。
Debian 的安装包还有一个系统配置文件(/etc/default/elasticsearch
),这使得你可以设置以下参数:
|
设置一个自定义的 Java 路径。 |
|
最大的可开启文件数,默认为 |
|
最大的可锁定内存大小。
如果在配置文件 elasticsearch.yml 中使用 |
|
一个进程可以拥有的最大内存映射区域数。
如果你使用 |
|
配置文件的目录(必须包含 |
|
你可能希望应用的任何其他 JVM 系统属性。 |
|
配置包升级时是否重启,默认为 |
使用 systemd
的发行版要求通过 systemd
配置系统资源限制,而不是通过 /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
文件。
更多信息参考 Systemd 配置。
对于基于 Debian 的系统,Debian 安装包将配置文件、日志和数据目录放在适当的位置:
类型 | 描述 | 默认位置 | 设置 |
---|---|---|---|
home |
Elasticsearch 主目录 或 |
|
|
bin |
二进制脚本,包含启动一个节点的 |
|
|
conf |
包含 |
|
|
conf |
环境变量,包括堆内存大小、文件描述符 |
|
|
data |
节点上的每个索引/分片的数据文件的位置。 可以设置多个位置。 |
|
|
jdk |
捆绑的Java开发套件,用于运行Elasticsearch。
可以通过在 |
|
|
logs |
日志文件的存放位置 |
|
|
plugins |
插件文件的存放位置。每个插件都放在一个子文件夹中。 |
|
|
repo |
共享的文件系统存储库的位置。 可以设置多个位置。 可以将文件系统存储库放置到此处指定的任何目录的任何子目录中。 |
未配置 |
|
你现在已经设置了一个 Elasticsearch 测试环境。 在开始正式开发或开始使用 Elasticsearch 进行生产之前,你还必须做一些额外的设置:
- 学习如何 配置 Elasticsearch。
- 配置 重要的 Elasticsearch 设置。
- 配置 重要的系统设置。
- Elasticsearch权威指南: 其他版本:
- Elasticsearch是什么?
- 7.7版本的新特性
- 开始使用Elasticsearch
- 安装和设置
- 升级Elasticsearch
- 搜索你的数据
- 查询领域特定语言(Query DSL)
- SQL access(暂时不翻译)
- Overview
- Getting Started with SQL
- Conventions and Terminology
- Security
- SQL REST API
- SQL Translate API
- SQL CLI
- SQL JDBC
- SQL ODBC
- SQL Client Applications
- SQL Language
- Functions and Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Math Operators
- Cast Operators
- LIKE and RLIKE Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Grouping Functions
- Date/Time and Interval Functions and Operators
- Full-Text Search Functions
- Mathematical Functions
- String Functions
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geo Functions
- Conditional Functions And Expressions
- System Functions
- Reserved keywords
- SQL Limitations
- 聚合
- 度量(metric)聚合
- 桶(bucket)聚合
- adjacency_matrix 聚合
- auto_date_histogram 聚合
- children 聚合
- composite 聚合
- date_histogram 聚合
- date_range 聚合
- diversified_sampler 聚合
- filter 聚合
- filters 聚合
- geo_distance 聚合
- geohash_grid 聚合
- geotile_grid 聚合
- global 聚合
- histogram 聚合
- ip_range 聚合
- missing 聚合
- nested 聚合
- parent 聚合
- range 聚合
- rare_terms 聚合
- reverse_nested 聚合
- sampler 聚合
- significant_terms 聚合
- significant_text 聚合
- terms 聚合
- 给范围字段分桶的微妙之处
- 管道(pipeline)聚合
- 矩阵(matrix)聚合
- 重度缓存的聚合
- 只返回聚合的结果
- 聚合元数据
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- 使用转换对聚合结果进行索引
- 脚本
- 映射
- 删除的映射类型
- 字段数据类型
- alias(别名)
- array(数组)
- binary(二进制)
- boolean(布尔)
- date(日期)
- date_nanos(日期纳秒)
- dense_vector(密集矢量)
- histogram(直方图)
- flattened(扁平)
- geo_point(地理坐标点)
- geo_shape(地理形状)
- IP
- join(联结)
- keyword(关键词)
- nested(嵌套)
- numeric(数值)
- object(对象)
- percolator(渗透器)
- range(范围)
- rank_feature(特征排名)
- rank_features(特征排名)
- search_as_you_type(输入即搜索)
- Sparse vector
- Text
- Token count
- Shape
- Constant keyword
- Meta-Fields
- Mapping parameters
- Dynamic Mapping
- Text analysis
- Overview
- Concepts
- Configure text analysis
- Built-in analyzer reference
- Tokenizer reference
- Char Group Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Edge n-gram tokenizer
- Keyword Tokenizer
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer
- N-gram tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer Examples
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Standard Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Whitespace Tokenizer
- Token filter reference
- Apostrophe
- ASCII folding
- CJK bigram
- CJK width
- Classic
- Common grams
- Conditional
- Decimal digit
- Delimited payload
- Dictionary decompounder
- Edge n-gram
- Elision
- Fingerprint
- Flatten graph
- Hunspell
- Hyphenation decompounder
- Keep types
- Keep words
- Keyword marker
- Keyword repeat
- KStem
- Length
- Limit token count
- Lowercase
- MinHash
- Multiplexer
- N-gram
- Normalization
- Pattern capture
- Pattern replace
- Phonetic
- Porter stem
- Predicate script
- Remove duplicates
- Reverse
- Shingle
- Snowball
- Stemmer
- Stemmer override
- Stop
- Synonym
- Synonym graph
- Trim
- Truncate
- Unique
- Uppercase
- Word delimiter
- Word delimiter graph
- Character filters reference
- Normalizers
- Index modules
- Ingest node
- Pipeline Definition
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Conditional Execution in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Enrich your data
- Processors
- Append Processor
- Bytes Processor
- Circle Processor
- Convert Processor
- CSV Processor
- Date Processor
- Date Index Name Processor
- Dissect Processor
- Dot Expander Processor
- Drop Processor
- Enrich Processor
- Fail Processor
- Foreach Processor
- GeoIP Processor
- Grok Processor
- Gsub Processor
- HTML Strip Processor
- Inference Processor
- Join Processor
- JSON Processor
- KV Processor
- Lowercase Processor
- Pipeline Processor
- Remove Processor
- Rename Processor
- Script Processor
- Set Processor
- Set Security User Processor
- Split Processor
- Sort Processor
- Trim Processor
- Uppercase Processor
- URL Decode Processor
- User Agent processor
- ILM: Manage the index lifecycle
- Monitor a cluster
- Frozen indices
- Roll up or transform your data
- Set up a cluster for high availability
- Snapshot and restore
- Secure a cluster
- Overview
- Configuring security
- User authentication
- Built-in users
- Internal users
- Token-based authentication services
- Realms
- Realm chains
- Active Directory user authentication
- File-based user authentication
- LDAP user authentication
- Native user authentication
- OpenID Connect authentication
- PKI user authentication
- SAML authentication
- Kerberos authentication
- Integrating with other authentication systems
- Enabling anonymous access
- Controlling the user cache
- Configuring SAML single-sign-on on the Elastic Stack
- Configuring single sign-on to the Elastic Stack using OpenID Connect
- User authorization
- Built-in roles
- Defining roles
- Security privileges
- Document level security
- Field level security
- Granting privileges for indices and aliases
- Mapping users and groups to roles
- Setting up field and document level security
- Submitting requests on behalf of other users
- Configuring authorization delegation
- Customizing roles and authorization
- Enabling audit logging
- Encrypting communications
- Restricting connections with IP filtering
- Cross cluster search, clients, and integrations
- Tutorial: Getting started with security
- Tutorial: Encrypting communications
- Troubleshooting
- Some settings are not returned via the nodes settings API
- Authorization exceptions
- Users command fails due to extra arguments
- Users are frequently locked out of Active Directory
- Certificate verification fails for curl on Mac
- SSLHandshakeException causes connections to fail
- Common SSL/TLS exceptions
- Common Kerberos exceptions
- Common SAML issues
- Internal Server Error in Kibana
- Setup-passwords command fails due to connection failure
- Failures due to relocation of the configuration files
- Limitations
- Alerting on cluster and index events
- Command line tools
- How To
- Glossary of terms
- REST APIs
- API conventions
- cat APIs
- cat aliases
- cat allocation
- cat anomaly detectors
- cat count
- cat data frame analytics
- cat datafeeds
- cat fielddata
- cat health
- cat indices
- cat master
- cat nodeattrs
- cat nodes
- cat pending tasks
- cat plugins
- cat recovery
- cat repositories
- cat shards
- cat segments
- cat snapshots
- cat task management
- cat templates
- cat thread pool
- cat trained model
- cat transforms
- Cluster APIs
- Cluster allocation explain
- Cluster get settings
- Cluster health
- Cluster reroute
- Cluster state
- Cluster stats
- Cluster update settings
- Nodes feature usage
- Nodes hot threads
- Nodes info
- Nodes reload secure settings
- Nodes stats
- Pending cluster tasks
- Remote cluster info
- Task management
- Voting configuration exclusions
- Cross-cluster replication APIs
- Document APIs
- Enrich APIs
- Explore API
- Index APIs
- Add index alias
- Analyze
- Clear cache
- Clone index
- Close index
- Create index
- Delete index
- Delete index alias
- Delete index template
- Flush
- Force merge
- Freeze index
- Get field mapping
- Get index
- Get index alias
- Get index settings
- Get index template
- Get mapping
- Index alias exists
- Index exists
- Index recovery
- Index segments
- Index shard stores
- Index stats
- Index template exists
- Open index
- Put index template
- Put mapping
- Refresh
- Rollover index
- Shrink index
- Split index
- Synced flush
- Type exists
- Unfreeze index
- Update index alias
- Update index settings
- Index lifecycle management API
- Ingest APIs
- Info API
- Licensing APIs
- Machine learning anomaly detection APIs
- Add events to calendar
- Add jobs to calendar
- Close jobs
- Create jobs
- Create calendar
- Create datafeeds
- Create filter
- Delete calendar
- Delete datafeeds
- Delete events from calendar
- Delete filter
- Delete forecast
- Delete jobs
- Delete jobs from calendar
- Delete model snapshots
- Delete expired data
- Estimate model memory
- Find file structure
- Flush jobs
- Forecast jobs
- Get buckets
- Get calendars
- Get categories
- Get datafeeds
- Get datafeed statistics
- Get influencers
- Get jobs
- Get job statistics
- Get machine learning info
- Get model snapshots
- Get overall buckets
- Get scheduled events
- Get filters
- Get records
- Open jobs
- Post data to jobs
- Preview datafeeds
- Revert model snapshots
- Set upgrade mode
- Start datafeeds
- Stop datafeeds
- Update datafeeds
- Update filter
- Update jobs
- Update model snapshots
- Machine learning data frame analytics APIs
- Create data frame analytics jobs
- Create inference trained model
- Delete data frame analytics jobs
- Delete inference trained model
- Evaluate data frame analytics
- Explain data frame analytics API
- Get data frame analytics jobs
- Get data frame analytics jobs stats
- Get inference trained model
- Get inference trained model stats
- Start data frame analytics jobs
- Stop data frame analytics jobs
- Migration APIs
- Reload search analyzers
- Rollup APIs
- Search APIs
- Security APIs
- Authenticate
- Change passwords
- Clear cache
- Clear roles cache
- Create API keys
- Create or update application privileges
- Create or update role mappings
- Create or update roles
- Create or update users
- Delegate PKI authentication
- Delete application privileges
- Delete role mappings
- Delete roles
- Delete users
- Disable users
- Enable users
- Get API key information
- Get application privileges
- Get builtin privileges
- Get role mappings
- Get roles
- Get token
- Get users
- Has privileges
- Invalidate API key
- Invalidate token
- OpenID Connect Prepare Authentication API
- OpenID Connect authenticate API
- OpenID Connect logout API
- SAML prepare authentication API
- SAML authenticate API
- SAML logout API
- SAML invalidate API
- SSL certificate
- Snapshot and restore APIs
- Snapshot lifecycle management API
- Transform APIs
- Usage API
- Watcher APIs
- Definitions
- Breaking changes
- Release notes
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.7.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.6.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.5.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.4.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.2
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.3.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.2.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.1
- Elasticsearch version 7.1.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-rc1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-beta1
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha2
- Elasticsearch version 7.0.0-alpha1