A boxplot aggregation looks like this in isolation:

{
    "boxplot": {
        "field": "load_time"
    }
}

Let’s look at a boxplot representing load time:

GET latency/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs" : {
        "load_time_boxplot" : {
            "boxplot" : {
                "field" : "load_time" 
            }
        }
    }
}

The response will look like this:

{
    ...

   "aggregations": {
      "load_time_boxplot": {
         "min": 0.0,
         "max": 990.0,
         "q1": 165.0,
         "q2": 445.0,
         "q3": 725.0
      }
   }
}

The boxplot metric supports scripting. For example, if our load times are in milliseconds but we want values calculated in seconds, we could use a script to convert them on-the-fly:

GET latency/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs" : {
        "load_time_boxplot" : {
            "boxplot" : {
                "script" : {
                    "lang": "painless",
                    "source": "doc['load_time'].value / params.timeUnit", 
                    "params" : {
                        "timeUnit" : 1000   
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

This will interpret the script parameter as an inline script with the painless script language and no script parameters. To use a stored script use the following syntax:

GET latency/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs" : {
        "load_time_boxplot" : {
            "boxplot" : {
                "script" : {
                    "id": "my_script",
                    "params": {
                        "field": "load_time"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

The algorithm used by the boxplot metric is called TDigest (introduced by Ted Dunning in Computing Accurate Quantiles using T-Digests).

Approximate algorithms must balance memory utilization with estimation accuracy. This balance can be controlled using a compression parameter:

GET latency/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs" : {
        "load_time_boxplot" : {
            "boxplot" : {
                "field" : "load_time",
                "compression" : 200 
            }
        }
    }
}

The TDigest algorithm uses a number of "nodes" to approximate percentiles — the more nodes available, the higher the accuracy (and large memory footprint) proportional to the volume of data. The compression parameter limits the maximum number of nodes to 20 * compression.

Therefore, by increasing the compression value, you can increase the accuracy of your percentiles at the cost of more memory. Larger compression values also make the algorithm slower since the underlying tree data structure grows in size, resulting in more expensive operations. The default compression value is 100.

A "node" uses roughly 32 bytes of memory, so under worst-case scenarios (large amount of data which arrives sorted and in-order) the default settings will produce a TDigest roughly 64KB in size. In practice data tends to be more random and the TDigest will use less memory.

The missing parameter defines how documents that are missing a value should be treated. By default they will be ignored but it is also possible to treat them as if they had a value.

GET latency/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs" : {
        "grade_boxplot" : {
            "boxplot" : {
                "field" : "grade",
                "missing": 10 
            }
        }
    }
}