HTTP input | Elasticsearch Guide [7.7]

原文地址: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.7/input-http.html, 原文档版权归 www.elastic.co 所有

IMPORTANT: No additional bug fixes or documentation updates will be released for this version. For the latest information, see the current release documentation.

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HTTP inputedit

Use the http input to submit a request to an HTTP endpoint and load the response into the watch execution context when the watch is triggered. See HTTP input attributes for all of the supported attributes.

With the http input, you can:

Query external Elasticsearch clusters. The http input provides a way to submit search requests to clusters other than the one Watcher is running on. This is useful when you’re running a dedicated Watcher cluster or if you need to search clusters that are running different Elasticsearch versions.
Query Elasticsearch APIs other than the search API. For example, you might want to load data from the nodes stats, cluster health or cluster state APIs.
Query external web services. The http input enables you to load data from any service that exposes an HTTP endpoint. This provides a bridge between Elasticsearch clusters and other systems.

Querying external Elasticsearch clustersedit

To query an external Elasticsearch cluster, you specify the cluster’s host and port attributes and the index’s search endpoint as the path. If you omit the search body, the request returns all documents in the specified index:

"input" : {
  "http" : {
    "request" : {
      "host" : "example.com",
      "port" : 9200,
      "path" : "/idx/_search"
    }
  }
}

You can use the full Elasticsearch query DSL to perform more sophisticated searches. For example, the following http input retrieves all documents that contain event in the category field:

"input" : {
  "http" : {
    "request" : {
      "host" : "host.domain",
      "port" : 9200,
      "path" : "/idx/_search",
      "body" :  "{\"query\" :  {  \"match\" : { \"category\" : \"event\"}}}"
    }
  }
}

Calling Elasticsearch APIsedit

To load the data from other Elasticsearch APIs, specify the API endpoint as the path attribute. Use the params attribute to specify query string parameters. For example, the following http input calls the cluster stats API and enables the human attribute:

"input" : {
  "http" : {
    "request" : {
      "host" : "host.domain",
      "port" : 9200,
      "path" : "/_cluster/stats",
      "params" : {
        "human" : "true" 
      }
    }
  }
}

Enabling this attribute returns the bytes values in the response in human readable format.

Calling external web servicesedit

You can use http input to get data from any external web service. The http input supports basic authentication. For example, the following input provides a username and password to access myservice:

"input" : {
  "http" : {
    "request" : {
      "host" : "host.domain",
      "port" : 9200,
      "path" : "/myservice",
      "auth" : {
        "basic" : {
          "username" : "user",
          "password" : "pass"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

You can also pass in service-specific API keys and other information through the params attribute. For example, the following http input loads the current weather forecast for Amsterdam from the OpenWeatherMap service:

"input" : {
  "http" : {
    "request" : {
      "url" : "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather",
      "params" : {
        "lat" : "52.374031",
        "lon" : "4.88969",
        "appid" : "<your openweathermap appid>"
      }
    }
  }
}

Using templatesedit

The http input supports templating. You can use templates when specifying the path, body, header values, and parameter values.

For example, the following snippet uses templates to specify what index to query and restrict the results to documents added within the last five minutes:

"input" : {
  "http" : {
    "request" : {
      "host" : "host.domain",
      "port" : 9200,
      "path" : "/{{ctx.watch_id}}/_search",
      "body" : "{\"query\" : {\"range\": {\"@timestamp\" : {\"from\": \"{{ctx.trigger.triggered_time}}||-5m\",\"to\": \"{{ctx.trigger.triggered_time}}\"}}}}"
      }
    }
  }

Accessing the HTTP responseedit

If the response body is formatted in JSON or YAML, it is parsed and loaded into the execution context. If the response body is not formatted in JSON or YAML, it is loaded into the payload’s _value field.

Conditions, transforms, and actions access the response data through the execution context. For example, if the response contains a message object, you can use ctx.payload.message to access the message data.

In addition all the headers from the response can be accessed using the ctx.payload._headers field as well as the HTTP status code of the response using ctx.payload._status_code.

HTTP input attributesedit

Name	Required	Default	Description
`request.scheme`	no	http	Url scheme. Valid values are: `http` or `https`.
`request.host`	yes	-	The host to connect to.
`request.port`	yes	-	The port the http service is listening on.
`request.path`	no	-	The URL path. The path can be static text or contain `mustache` templates. URL query string parameters must be specified via the `request.params` attribute.
`request.method`	no	get	The HTTP method. Supported values are: `head`, `get`, `post`, `put` and `delete`.
`request.headers`	no	-	The HTTP request headers. The header values can be static text or include `mustache` templates.
`request.params`	no	-	The URL query string parameters. The parameter values can be static text or contain `mustache` templates.
`request.url`	no	-	Allows you to set `request.scheme`, `request.host`, `request.port` and `request.params` add once by specifying a real URL, like `https://www.example.org:1234/mypath?foo=bar`. May not be combined with on of those four parameters. As those parameters are set, specifying them individually might overwrite them.
`request.auth.basic.username`	no	-	HTTP basic authentication username
`request.auth.basic.password`	no	-	HTTP basic authentication password
`request.proxy.host`	no	-	The proxy host to use when connecting to the host.
`request.proxy.port`	no	-	The proxy port to use when connecting to the host.
`request.connection_timeout`	no	10s	The timeout for setting up the http connection. If the connection could not be set up within this time, the input will timeout and fail.
`request.read_timeout`	no	10s	The timeout for reading data from http connection. If no response was received within this time, the input will timeout and fail.
`request.body`	no	-	The HTTP request body. The body can be static text or include `mustache` templates.
`extract`	no	-	A array of JSON keys to extract from the input response and use as payload. In cases when an input generates a large response this can be used to filter the relevant piece of the response to be used as payload.
`response_content_type`	no	json	The expected content type the response body will contain. Supported values are `json`, `yaml` and `text`. If the format is `text` the `extract` attribute cannot exist. Note that this overrides the header that is returned in the HTTP response. If this is set to `text` the body of the response will be assigned and accessible to/via the `_value` variable of the payload.

You can reference the following variables in the execution context when specifying the path, params, headers and body values:

Name	Description
`ctx.watch_id`	The id of the watch that is currently executing.
`ctx.execution_time`	The time execution of this watch started.
`ctx.trigger.triggered_time`	The time this watch was triggered.
`ctx.trigger.scheduled_time`	The time this watch was supposed to be triggered.
`ctx.metadata.*`	Any metadata associated with the watch.

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